The Construction Of The Criminal Justice System Essay

The construction of the criminal justice system composes of various agencies with explicit procedures to control and diminish crimes accompanied by, implementing penalties on those in violation of the laws. The criminal justice system was not as complex and intricate prior to the American Revolution which focused primarily on punishment and retribution rather than deterrence. Beginning with the founding of our Country, creation of the United States Constitution, our government has created substantial amounts of legislative materials, including, laws and regulations, to ensure due process and minimize criminal acts and behaviors. Our government has looked to all the local and state officials, in joining forces to reduce crime in our states and cities. Traditional policing continues to be the norm, in spite of this, law enforcement agencies have adopted additional effective strategies and approaches, relating to curtailing criminal acts before there are committed. Law enforcement agencies have relied upon criminologists, criminal analysts and the public, to further advance their initiative of controlling crime. A variety of law enforcement agencies has organized elite or special units within their agencies tailored specifically towards the reducing crime and enhancing the quality of life within their community. Certainly, the strategies law enforcement agencies utilize across the United States vary—significantly. During my research, I uncovered strategies which exhibited vastShow MoreRelatedA New Deal For Victims And Witnesses Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagescontrast to their contemporary passive role within the criminal justice system. This study seeks to underpin the factors which have led to this transformation. This apparent adjustment was mentioned in the government strategy document, ‘A new deal for victims and witnesses’. This document indicated the need for effective justice and that victims should be at the heart o f the criminal justice system. This shows that the criminal justice system is keen to rebalance its focus on victims, witnesses andRead MoreCrime Is A Social Construction Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagessocial construction based on the powerful’s reaction to certain behaviour, those who are deviant are people that have been labelled as such. Marxists claim the bourgeoise construct crime in order to criminalise the proletariat, get away with their own deviance and maintain their own dominance. Neo-marxists look at how moral panics create a social construction of crime and can criminalise certain groups. Finally, feminists, argue crime is constructed in a patriarchal way and that the criminal justiceRead MoreThe Alabama Joint Prison Reform Task Force Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pages 1. What have you done to reduce racial discrimination in the criminal justice systems? Governor Bentley is committed to removing racist language that addresses the separation of black and white children in the education system in Alabama’s 1901 Constitution. Bentley believes it would improve the general impression of Alabama as a whole (Reutter). In the article, â€Å"Governor s Office of Minority Affairs Announcement,† Governor Bentley has recently signed an Executive Order to create the Governor’sRead MoreCrime and Punishment Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesforms of criminal law. Michael and Adler (1933:2) are often cited as an example of the legal description of crime: â€Å"the most precise and least ambiguous definition of crime is that which defines it as behaviour which is often prohibited by the criminal code†. The extending of the definition of crime is heavily debated among sociologists and criminologists. The most notable focus on this is presented through Thorsten Sellin, a famous sociologist of his time. Sellin (1938) argued that the criminal lawRead MoreOne Of The Main Problems With The Law Is Injustice In The1458 Words   |  6 Pages One of the main problems with the law is injustice in the criminal justice system. There are so many innocent people serving time in jail. The criminal justice system in America was created to keep communities safe, to respect and restore victims, and to return offenders who leave prison to be self-sufficient and law-abiding. What the system has become is a monumental failure that our states and na tion can no longer afford. There has been a growth in crime, but that may be because of theRead More Death Penalty - Justified Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many problems facing our criminal justice system today. Some of the more important ones are overcrowded jails, the increasing murder rate, and keeping tax payers content. In light of these problems, I think the death penalty is our best and most reasonable solution because it is a highly effective deterrent to murder. And, tax payers would be pleased to know that their hard-earned tax dollars are not being wasted on supporting incorrigible criminals who are menaces to society. In additionRead MoreDisparity and Discrimination Essay790 Words   |  4 PagesMany different situations occur within the criminal justice system. The situations that will be discussed in this essay are Pseudospeciation, bigotry vs. racism, hegemony, social construction, and disparity vs. discrimination. There will be definition on these te rms. After defining the all terms, I will apply these terms to the criminal justice system using examples to illustrate the understanding of the definitions. Pseudospeciation Pseudospeciation begins with the fact that cultural differencesRead MoreCriminology : Criminal Justice System1028 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology Defined: An In Depth Look Of The Criminal Justice System In The U.S. Criminology, as defined by the book Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, written by the author Dr. Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., is â€Å"the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders† (Schmalleger, 2006, p. 20). Criminology, in itself, has a wide variety of function in treating crime and providing punishment to those who commit the crimes here in the U.S. SinceRead MoreEssay on Hate Crimes Against Gays and Lesbians1379 Words   |  6 PagesHate Crimes Against Gays and Lesbians LaReese Nixon Kaplan University CJ490: Research Methods in Criminal Justice Prof: Deborah Barrett August 7, 2012 Abstract Introduction Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons frequently face violence motivated by their sexuality or gender identity. Violence may be executed by the state, as in laws prescribing corporal punishment for homosexual acts, or by individuals engaging in intimidation, mobbing, assault, or lynching. Violence targetedRead MoreCriminology : Crime And Crime1410 Words   |  6 PagesCriminology is defined by the book Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, which was written by author Dr. Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., as â€Å"the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders† (Schmalleger, 2006, p. 20). People look at criminology in a big concept of criminal prevention but criminology in itself carries a wide variety of functions in treating crime and providing punishment to those who commit crimes. Crime increases when the

Essay about The Portraiture of Women During the Renaissance

This essay will discuss how women were represented in the portraiture during the Renaissance period. It will explain how the women’s body was pictured in portraiture as; marriage celebrant, husbands beloved, figures of fertility, mothers, display of wealth, paragons of virtues, husband’s passive representative, indication of fashion and more (Brown, 2003). Next, it will include analysis from the two female portraits of Leonardo de Vinci’s Ginerva de’ Benci and Sandro Botticelli’s Portrait of a Lady. First, I will explain what portrait means and then represent my own interpretation of Botticelli’s Portrait of a Lady by referring to instructional â€Å"activity dialog† that details how to analyse the body’s subject in the portrait (Mckennee et†¦show more content†¦Usually the artist is commissioned by patronage or the sitter to paint an image of their physical body appearance with intention to bring out their individual ity, what they present and what they value. It also serves as a mnemonical tool of remembering (Morrisson, 2004). Predominantly, portraiture was commissioned by people belonging to higher social rank and individuals who occupied the important role in the society. One of the greatest artists that arise from the Renaissance Italy was Sandro Botticelli, born in 1444 in city of Florence. He was apprenticed by patronage of the very powerful family the Medici, who were rulers of the city and central in the movement of humanism. Humanism brought back to life the classical antiquity of the ancient Greek and Rome. Some of his most famous paintings are; The Birth of Venus and Primavera (Long, 2008). In comparison to his vast art collection, his work in portraiture was very limited and some examples are Portrait of Giuliano de’ Medici 1477, Potrait of a Woman 1475 and Potrait of a Lady 1475, (Gromling Lingesleben, 1998). In this essay I will analyse the Botticelli’s Portrait of a Lady (1475), of a women named Smeralda Brandini and incorporate the dialogue activity ideas for portrait reading (Mckennee et al., 1994). The above portrait was previously owned by Parisian collector Comte de Pourtales. After him was in Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s possession, the painter and collector who later donated it to the Victoria andShow MoreRelatedWomen And Representations Of Women1606 Words   |  7 PagesThe lives and representations of women in the Florentine Renaissance In Biblical imaginary, the image of woman often originated from the image of Eve. Eve was allured by the devil and impelled Adam to disobey God and eat the forbidden fruit, resulting in their exclusion from the paradise, mortality and hardship in their lives living on Earth. Since then, the female descendants of Eve were held responsible for this loss of paradise. During the Renaissance era, women were oppressed by men because ofRead MoreRenaissance Influence On The Historical And Social Significance Of Self Portraiture1892 Words   |  8 PagesRenaissance Influence on the Historical and Social Significance of Self-Portraiture During the Renaissance, artists were acquiring status and the technical means to create a new genre of art called self-portraiture (Bond). Portraits are defined as having a likeness of a specific individual (Adams). However, self-portraits do not only have a likeness of the artist but also a sense of psychology that connects the viewer to the artist. This connection gives the self-portrait a depth of complexityRead More Defining Beauty for Men and Women in Portraiture Essay example2794 Words   |  12 PagesMen and Women in Portraiture ... A thing of beauty is a joy forever : Its loveliness increases ; it will never Pass into nothingness ... What is beauty? Seemingly a continually evolving and infinitely elusive ideal - mankind has been obsessed with the concept of beauty throughout the ages. Portraiture, as an essential channel of visual communication, has traditionally been the medium through which definitions of beauty are graphically expressed. Particularly in the Renaissance where portraitureRead MoreAnalysis Of Rona Goffen And Mary Pardo851 Words   |  4 PagesTitian’s paintings of women. Goffen focuses on who these women were, their agency, and what can be gleaned for the details of such paintings to come to a conclusion. Pardo focuses on how Titian’s abilities to make paint tactile relate to the eroticism and sexuality of his art. Both authors bring up ideas of agency and gender in art and also the importance of understanding these paintings, and their sitters, in their time. Both Goffen and Pardo view many of Titian’s paintings of women to be erotic or sensualRead MoreGender, Cultural, And Religious Context1672 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause those individualities have a major influence on the depiction of the women in art. For example, gender is a cultural classification, hence, various artists might have portrayed the identity of the female in a different way. Moreover, gender roles are a set of stringent behaviors and expectations set by the society based on the biological sex of a person. The art works were predominantly created by male artists, thus women were represented based on what the society considered to be the epitomeRead MoreThe Complex Layers Of An Artist1533 Words   |  7 Pagesbe seen in multiple artistic movements such as the Renaissance where works from Italy and England while largely influenced by the same artistic goals produce works with stylistic differences. Baroque style art was also subject to these geographical differe nces influencing the vision of the artist. Understanding the complex layers of an artistic movement requires one to analysis works of art and how they compare to other pieces produced during the same time. By taking two works with the same subjectRead MoreArt During The Middle Ages1243 Words   |  5 Pages Art during the Italian Renaissance differed from art during the Middle Ages. The two have contrasting characteristics and concepts. In the Middle Ages the subject of almost all European art was religion, specifically. Although Renaissance artists continued to paint religious paintings and portraits of individuals, they also focused on the details of everyday life. They also used new techniques such as sfumato, chiaroscuro and perspective. The artists of the Italian Renaissance expressed the idealsRead MoreThe Spanish Renaissance Period : 16th Century Venetian Triumvirate : Titian, Veronese, And Tintoretto1157 Words   |  5 Pages16th century Venetian Triumvirate: Titian, Veronese, and Tintoretto were master painters and artists who treasured females and created a small number of nude portraits each during the Venetian Renaissance period. Titian was an Italian artist of international reputation. Like his mentor, Giorgione, put time and talent in creating a mysterious and influential painting, â€Å"Pastoral Concert, c. 1508-1510. The Venetian style oil painting on canvas which does not resemble its original color palette; includesRead MoreMy Gallery : An Allegory Of The Tudor Succession1331 Words   |  6 PagesMy gallery will feature portraitures throughout history. Portraits have been around since the beginning of art. History affects every aspect of our lives including art; artist changed the style of portraitures depending on what was going on in the world at that time. At first portraits were only painted of the wealthy or someone who was deemed important. In these times, it was usually kings, queens, or religious figures that they believed were worth painting. The first picture I choose to featureRead MoreMost Famous Visual Artist Who Is The Secret Of Her Mysterious Smile?925 Words   |  4 Pages Most famous visual artist who is a typical Renaissance man, extremely well educated a real genius, painter, architect, anatomist. His name known almost everyone on earth his name is Leonardo da Vinci. He was famous for exquisite sense of humor, extraordinary intelligence his passion for music. Leonardo from an early age interested in almost all the sciences, but his real passion was a drawing. He was also a sculpture and architecture, his father was also a very educated man, and he directed the

Assgn Wilson Free Essays

I will demonstrate some understanding of the principal areas of Philosophy covered in this course. To do this, I will respond to the following questions- What these two works say about the nature of reality, what roles does the problem of appearance and reality play in these two works? Next, I will state what ethical implications I think these works may suggest, and how do the two works explore the nature of knowledge. I will also compare my â€Å"What is your Philosophy? † survey results with the ones had completed in the first week of this class. We will write a custom essay sample on Assgn Wilson or any similar topic only for you Order Now Afterwards, I will answer the allowing questions- How has my knowledge base grown in the areas identified during my week one discussion. What insights have gained about my beliefs related to those statements and lastly- Did my philosophy changed? The paper will end with a conclusion. Solomon and Higgins’ (2014) definition of Philosophy sums up what my understanding of philosophy has turned out to be during these past weeks of the course. In my comparison and contrast of Plat’s ‘The Allegory of the Cave† with the motion picture The Matrix, I was able to see the connection. In Plat’s ‘ ‘The Allegory of the Cave†, here is a conversation between two men, Socrates and Glaucoma- In the conversation, Socrates is presenting his abstract interpretation of what he sees as he analyzes a picture. In the picture, there are a number of men bound to a wall, with symbols sketched into the wall. In the motion picture, The Matrix, there is also a conversation between Morpheme and Neo. They are inside a computer program. Morpheme turns on the television and shows Neo a picture of the world, as he knew it. He begins to talk about this world, and gives his interpretation of what he knows this world to be. Then, the stricture changes to a world that appears destroyed, and Morpheme again gives his interpretation. In week four (4) of our course, we were introduced to the topics, The nature of Reality and the nature of Truth. In ‘ ‘The Allegory of the Cave† and The Matrix, the characters are analyzing reality from the unreal and truth. The conversation between Socrates and Glaucoma is about when the unreal becomes real. Morpheme is discussing the same thing with Neo when he asks him, ‘M/hat is real’? During our discussion for week four, we read a story entitled An Occurrence at Owl Creek where we had to separate the real room the unreal. During that time, learned about metaphysics. Metaphysics attempts to explain what reality is. Solomon and Higgins (2014), explained reality as, â€Å"The distinction between what we simply see, what appears to be the case, and the deeper picture that allows us to explain it, forces us to introduce the concept of reality’ (p. 112). In relation to the nature of reality, the two works say that reality is what we interpret it to be. For example, in the â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, Socrates explained the picture the way he perceived it would be if the people in the painting came to life. In The Matrix, Morpheme gave his interpretation of the real world. The role that the problem of appearance and reality play in these two works was that nothing appeared to be as it was. For example, in The Matrix, the way the real world appeared to Morpheme in reality, was not how Neo saw it to be. In the beginning of the movie, when the woman named Trinity was being attacked by the police officers, she was able to run across the walls. This did not appear to be real. Then near the ending of the movie, Neo was able to dodge bullets and even appeared to hold them in his hand. This could not be real. During my analysis of these works, did not see any ethical implications. The way in which the two works explore the nature of knowledge is as follows. Socrates explains the interpretation of the picture based on his knowledge. For example, Glaucoma demonstrated that he had limited knowledge based on the levels Of his conversation. He saw the picture exactly as it appeared, and he agreed with everything Socrates said without offering his own opinions. Socrates on the other hand demonstrated that he possessed the gift of knowledge. His interpretation of the picture was more in-depth. During this course, I learned hat Epistemology was the theory of knowledge. Socrates based his interpretation of the picture on his philosophical knowledge. For example, he spoke of truth when he asked the question, â€Å"Altogether then, I said such men would believe the truth to be nothing else than the shadows of the artifacts? † (p. 246). In The Matrix, Morpheme also demonstrated his level of knowledge. He appeared to be all knowing (Omniscient) just like God. For example, when he met Neo for the first time, he was able to tell Neo a lot about his life. He told Neo that he knew why he was there. He was even able to read Neon’s Houghton. Morpheme knew who and what the Matrix was. He described it as being everywhere, and that it was the â€Å"wool that was pulled over your eyes to blind you form the truth’ (Quote from The Matrix movie). In week one (1), I took a survey entitled ‘V’/hat is your Philosophy? † Today, when I looked back at the results of that survey compared to the one I took again, I could say that my knowledge base has grown. From the topics that we covered in this course, I Was able to expand my knowledge of life and its meaning along with knowing who God is, and that He exists. In relation to the survey, number nine (9) stated that â€Å"An all-powerful, all knowing, all-good God exists†. In learning about Ultimate Reality in week three (3), I was able to prove that this statement is true. In week one (1), I found it difficult to immediately respond to statements number three (3) and four (4). Number three stated â€Å"Humans have free will† and number four â€Å"All of our actions are determined by forces beyond our control†. In the latest survey I took, I still gave the same numbers for some statements that I had given in the previous survey. For example, I gave a five (5) for number two (2), and a five for number seven (7). I still gave five for number three, but I gave a five for number four. Ad previously given that statement one (1). The insights I have gained about my beliefs related to those statements are as follows. I still believe that humans have free will. For example, I am able to do whatever I want to do. Of course, I realize that cannot use this statement loosely because in some countries, even though humans have free will, they are restr icted by rules and laws to freely exercise their will. At first, did not believe that all of our actions were determined by forces beyond our control, now I think I can say that All of our actions are determined by forces beyond our control. For example in this world, there are laws and policies made by government. Everything we do is based on what we know is right and wrong, otherwise known as moral ethics. We pay our taxes because it is law, and refusal to pay is punishable. We are put in prison when we commit murder, because there is a law that condemns the act of killing. Therefore, we act in accordance to the rules and regulations set out by those in authority. The function of the police is to keep peace and safety, in case we decide to break the law. Overall, believe my philosophy as changed. Now look at life and the reason for living with a different perspective. At first, my thinking was, we were all put here on earth to live, die than go to heaven or hell. Today, I view this ideology differently. There is a reason why I am here, there is a reason for circumstances that occur in my life, and there is a reason for the hope that is in me. Philosophy has helped me understand the meaning of life and its existence. In conclusion, philosophy addresses reality, knowledge, values, reason, mind and even language. If we do not know how the many things we commonly experience re connected together, then we cannot know the source of truth. How to cite Assgn Wilson, Papers

American Psycho commodity fetishism and social re Essay Example For Students

American Psycho: commodity fetishism and social re Essay ificationAMERICAN PSYCHO AS SOCIAL REIFICATION DRAWN TO ITS LOGICAL CONCLUSIONCopyright 2001 by Daniel du Prie One of the criticisms that have been levelled at American Psycho is that, as novels go, it is simply badly and ineptly written, because it is not believable; that is, it does not manage to reflect what could really happen. For example, Teachout (1991: 45) writes,Every bad thing youve read about it is an understatement. Its ineptly written. Its sophomoric. It is, in the truest sense of the word, obsceneIm especially struck by the utter incredibility of the events he describes. Though Patrick Bateman chops up one or two women, cabbies, and sushi delivery boys every week, his leisure-time activities attract little attention from the New York Police Department. And though he does his dirty work in a pair of Manhattan apartments, nobody ever hears any screaming and nobody ever smells anything funny. This particular aspect Batemans seeming invisibility to others in the face of his crimes, his unexplained ability to get away with just about anything of the book struck me also whilst reading the novel. However to charge the book with being too unrealistic for this reason is to miss a central theme a theme which I would here like to use as a tool by which to read American Psycho. Although on one level the text seems amoral, meaningless, and unresolvable and its depictions of violence opportunistic and gratuitous, I will argue that the book is nonetheless not without its particular central concern, or message: that of the abject dehumanisation of people by commodity culture. A contradiction appears to the reader: on the one hand, the text is unrelenting in its depiction of the most inane details, and their repetition, which seems to indicate a style of hyper-realism, of intense detail as to facts. Over and over again the reader is presented with characters, who have concern only for what people are wearing and whether what theyre wearing is designer fashion or not, whos carrying on affairs with whom, whether restaurant reservations have been made at the most fashionable New York dining places, whos handling whose account at work, and where to score drugs. This is brought to an almost hilarious intensity in the Chapter Concert Ellis B. E. (1991) American Psycho, New York: Vintage hereafter referred to as AP, on pages 136 142. Patrick Bateman and his friends are attending a concert by U2, at which they dont really want to be. After an intricate listing by wearer and brand of everyones attire (e.g. Evelyns wearing a cotton blouse by Dolce Gabbana, suede sh oes by Yves Saint Laurent, a stencilled calf shirt by Adrienne Landau with a suede belt by Jill Stuart, Calvin Klein tights, Venetian-glass earrings by Frances Patiky Stein AP, 138), Bateman and his friends end up screaming at each other in the front row, once again about whether reservations have been made, whether a certain character Paul Owens is still handling the Fisher account, and the fact that they need drugs (AP, 139-140). It becomes hilarious when, The lead singer reaches out to us from the stage, his hand outstretched and I Bateman wave him away (AP, 140). This, because Bono Vox dares to interrupt this banal, inane conversation which seems to be forever repeated throughout the book. On the other hand, the text seems to be fragmented, and identities unstable. Bateman is forever being mistaken for other people, something he doesnt attempt to rectify, indeed he seems to encourage it. At the Christmas party (AP 173-191), first Donald Petersen mistakes him for someone called M cCloy (175), after which Paul Owen mistakes him for Marcus Halberstam (178). He almost panics when hes addressed by his real name: At the mention of my real name I immediately start blabbering, hoping that Owen didnt notice (179). When Bateman embarks on a killing spree and is chased by the police (Chase, Manhattan 333 339) the chapter literally ends on an ellipsis halfway through the episode, with Bateman holing up in his office, making a telephone confession of his murders to an acquaintance. What follows this chapter is, of all things, a discourse on the aesthetic merits of